On episode 251 I am joined by Dr. Andrew Hill, founder of the Peak Brain Institute. Dr Andrew holds a PhD in Cognitive Neuroscience from UCLA and has extensive experience in the field of neurofeedback and QEEG. He is an expert in functional brain health and performance optimisation, and has lectured on Neuroscience, Gerontology, & Psychology at UCLA. Peak Brain is a network of dedicated Biohackers, Neuroscientists, Coaches, Wellness Providers, Therapists, and Trainers, who can help you understand your brain and create customised plans for change, towards your goals. You can find Peak Brain Coaches at their offices throughout the United States and Europe or wherever you are in the world through their remote programs. Peak Brain wants you to know yourself, to understand your brain, and to be able to take that perspective into action. Peak Brain wants to help you demystify your brain and learn how it performs and how it works. And through their neuroscience-backed interventions, they want to teach you to overcome any bottlenecks in brain performance. In this episode you will hear: 00:00 Intro 04:00 Dr. Hill’s personal journey into neuroscience 12:30 principles of neurofeedback 22:50 strategies for enhancing brain health 31:35 the impact of technology on brain performance 41:20 holistic approaches to mental wellness 01:06:01 Dr. Andrew’s Heartprint Those with ears, let them hear. Always love Ryan Connect with Dr. Andrew Website: https://peakbraininstitute.com IG: https://www.instagram.com/andrewhillphd/https://www.instagram.com/peakbrainla/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewhillucla/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@DrHill Connect with Always Better than Yesterday Website: https://abty.co.uk/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/alwaysbetterthanyesterdayuk/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/abty/ Facebook Community: https://www.facebook.com/groups/weareabty Join our mail list here for exclusive content here: https://abty.co.uk/contact Sign up for our coaching here: https://abty.co.uk/coaching Thank you to our supporters Exhale Healthy Coffee. Exhale is the first coffee to be sourced, roasted and lab tested specifically to maximise its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency. An independent lab test showed one cup of Exhale coffee has the same antioxidant power as 1.8kg of blueberries or 55 oranges! Get £10 off your first bag when you visit https://exhalecoffee.com/abty Please email your questions and comments to podcast@abty.co.uk #DrAndrewHill #PeakBrainInstitute #neurofeedback
Episode Summary
This article is drawn from my conversation on the Always Better Than Yesterday (ABTY) podcast with Ryan Hartley. You can watch the original conversation. What follows is my own account of the ideas we covered, written in my voice.
How did I end up working on brains?
I was always the kid taking things apart, blowing the fuse in a 100-year-old farmhouse by mucking about with something electrical in the attic. The real turning point came around age 12 or 13. My younger brother sledded into the street, got hit by a car, sustained a brain injury, and spent about eight weeks in a coma. He recovered well over several years. Watching a small amount of damaged tissue produce that large a change in consciousness, and then watching him rebuild walking and language over two or three years, got my attention and never let go.
I spent 11 years in human services after that. Group homes, acute psychiatric environments, dual-diagnosis settings where people were deeply compromised. I was good at walking into chaos and helping people settle. What I kept seeing was a revolving door. People came in, got managed for a few days, got discharged into a less safe environment, destabilized, and came back. Same cycle, again and again.
When I found neurofeedback at an autism center, I saw something different. People with ADHD developing self-control in weeks. Kids without language producing some. Seizures, OCD, trauma responses, sensory integration issues dropping away over a couple of months. That contradicted everything I thought I knew, so I went to UCLA, earned a PhD in cognitive neuroscience, and studied brain laterality and how the cortex scaffolds attention, stress, sensory processing, and sleep.
What is a brain map actually showing?
People are weird. That sounds flip, but it matters. A blood test gives you discrete markers. High triglycerides or elevated C-reactive protein point to something specific. The brain does not work that way. When I look at your QEEG brain map, I am measuring what is unusual compared to a few thousand people your age, plotted on a bell curve.
So I find things that stick up. Lots of theta here. Alpha running at an unusual speed. A connectivity pattern in beta. By itself, that observation does not tell me what it means for you. I have plausible ideas, because some patterns are reasonably conserved across people. We call these EEG phenotypes.
A high theta-to-beta ratio is the ADHD phenotype. Slowed alpha tracks with speed of processing, the word-finding and name-recall delays people notice in midlife. A frontal midline hot spot in beta tends to show up with obsessiveness. A hot posterior midline, the posterior cingulate, tends to go with rumination and threat sensitivity. None of these are guaranteed. A hot back midline might mean PTSD, or it might mean you are a lifeguard or a parent of nine who lives in a high-energy state and loves it.
The features that show up reliably in EEG are the regulatory ones: attention, sleep, stress, the anxiety family, social function, sensory function. Those features are built to flex as they touch the world. Because they flex, you can apply pressure and change them. I usually find between two and ten things per person that rise to the level of "this is conserved, this often gets in the way, this often represents an opportunity, what do you think?"
Why does seeing the data change the suffering?
The single most useful thing I do happens before any intervention. I sit down with someone, point to a feature, and say "this part of your brain often operates like this, does that ring true?" The common response is "that's so true about me." The amount of problem has not changed yet. The relationship with the problem flips 180 degrees.
Understanding how something works makes it much harder to be ashamed or overwhelmed by it. Your stress or your slow processing speed becomes part of your physiology, not a verdict. This moves mental health away from the top-down model where the expert hands you a label, and toward you thinking about your own resources. A psychologist might say "you are inattentive, you have ADD, let's treat that." I would rather say "your left mid-motor cortex does not sustain vigilance well, and it looks like your sleep is poor, would you like to work on those?"
You should not need a middleman to work on your own physiology. You should know it the way your Oura ring or whoop strap made sleep visible. Twenty years ago none of us tracked sleep. Now people check their score and decide to back off the late-night ice cream.
Is ADHD permanent, or can you change it?
ADHD is built in. You are born with it and it develops. That does not make it permanent.
ADHD is a normal human variant, present across 20 to 30 percent of humans, roughly the way 10 to 20 percent of us are left-handed. Some people have decreased inhibition, notice every pattern, process rapidly, and attach to outside stimulus. Think of the hunter who reacts to the environment instantly but does poorly in the slow evening campfire discussion. ADHD only gets in the way when it is extreme or poorly matched to the environment. Put a strongly ADHD brain on spreadsheets all day and it struggles. Put it on a football pitch or a trading desk where intensity sharpens focus, and it soars.
Mechanically, this is about the balance of frequency bands. High theta is the squirrel, the disinhibition. High alpha relative to beta is the inattentive flavor. Executive function is, in part, the ability to shut off theta and alpha and surge beta when you decide to focus. If your theta runs high, you notice everything and struggle to focus unless things are intense.
You can change that balance. When someone arrives with these complaints, their QEEG and their performance testing usually converge, often one to three standard deviations off the mean. On a go/no-go task scored so 100 is average and 15 points is a standard deviation, ADHD scores land in the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s. You then exercise the brain waves, theta down and beta up, about half an hour, three or four times a week. People start feeling it three or four sessions in. Around 40 to 50 sessions, roughly three months, you can make about two standard deviations of durable change. That takes severe ADHD to mild, and moderate ADHD to gone. The pediatric and adolescent literature shows good maintenance at six months, twelve months, five years, and ten years.
We map at the start and again every 20 to 25 sessions, so you watch the change build up. I have sat down with people six to eight weeks in and shown them two or three standard deviations of improvement, and watched them say their teacher noticed, their family noticed, they are proud of themselves. That is the work changing the self-regulation circuitry, not a pep talk.
What about binaural beats and other shortcuts?
Binaural beats do not produce measurable neurological effects. Human brains, as far as we can tell, lack a frequency-following response. The early work showing the brain picks up a pulsed offset sound was done in animals. I was excited enough about this in grad school to spend six months running placebo-controlled, double-blind binaural beat research, and I found nothing, again and again, in behavior, physiology, and performance. The published literature is mostly weak and largely disproves the claims.
What people actually experience is meditation. The track becomes an auditory anchor. The alpha you get is from closing your eyes. The theta-up, beta-down shift is from meditating. So do not pay 50 dollars for a special track. Pick any auditory focus you like and practice.
Meditation, on the other hand, is about the best thing you can do that sits outside a normal daily routine. Five to ten minutes every morning does real work. I would put meditation, sleep hacking, and dialing in protein and sugar near the top of the list.
What does early morning actually do for the brain?
I get up at 3:30 and go to bed early. The wisdom is in both halves. The time to sleep in is the start of the night, not the end. Your morning wake time is what entrains your circadian rhythm.
Here is the order of importance. Fast for two or three hours before bed. As the day gets later, melatonin starts releasing, and melatonin completely suppresses pancreatic insulin response. That sudden insulin drop is why you get snacky at night. If you resist it, you go to bed with low blood sugar, which produces a strong growth hormone release during sleep. Any blood sugar at bedtime, and you get no growth hormone. Eat before bed and you wake up fat, tired, and hungry. Fast before bed and you wake up lean and energized.
The primary external cue for circadian timing is meal timing. Eat for the time zone you want to live in.
Next, get up early. Morning light matters, but the suprachiasmatic nucleus, sitting above the optic chiasm, is only sensitive to light in the air for up to about an hour after sunrise. Get up more than an hour after sunrise and you miss that cue. Activity matters as much as light. When you first wake, do not slam coffee, do not crush a hard workout, do not collapse on the couch. Do ten minutes of something gentle, sun salutations or a walk, enough to burn off the cortisol and glycogen that woke you up but not so intense it calls for more cortisol. Cortisol is already high in that first hour. Hammer it with intense exercise or caffeine and you may drive cortisol resistance, which can actually reduce fat loss compared to working out in the afternoon. Move your kettlebells and hard cardio to the 3-to-7pm window, when cortisol is naturally lowest and cardiac output is highest.
When people get well-trained on these cues, the amount of sleep they need drops. This shows up constantly in neurofeedback. Someone sleeping nine poor hours suddenly compresses to seven excellent hours within a few weeks, getting more deep sleep in less time and feeling better. On your tracker, ignore the REM number. It is not valid and you cannot control it anyway. REM regulates as tightly as blood pH; by the time it is genuinely disrupted you have far bigger problems. Watch deep sleep. That is the garden you can tend. People who think they do not dream are usually getting too little deep sleep to consolidate the memory of dreaming.
Do blue-light glasses and screens matter?
The intensity of light matters. The color is irrelevant. Blue-blocker glasses are mostly nonsense, and human eyes are built to see full spectrum. I cannot tolerate red glasses myself; five minutes in and I have a migraine, because my brain dislikes the constrained single-color signal.
Screens are less of a problem than people fear. Humans can absorb roughly one hour a day of circadian disruption, and that is about what a screen does. Look at your phone at 11pm and you push your clock by about an hour, which you shrug off. If you are worried about screens for your kids, the real issue is the habit and the transition time, not the wavelength. If you are running flux on your laptop and wearing amber glasses but still snacking before bed, you are starting in the wrong place.
For supplement support, I lean on circadian signaling rather than a big stack. Theanine and GABA together have about six times the effect on sleep that either has alone, because theanine crosses the blood-brain barrier and kickstarts GABA metabolism. Then melatonin, but not the doses people take. The maximum human dose for raising blood level is 300 micrograms, a third of a milligram. More than that does not raise your level; it produces second- and third-day effects. The exception is high-dose melatonin for cancer risk, where there is genuinely interesting research.
What does this mean for leaders and teams?
If you manage people, you manage weird brains, because only about a third of us are average. If someone's executive function is atypical, you can do practical things. Standing desks or adjustable desks for ADHD brains. Shorter meetings with defined outcomes. Break large projects into smaller deliverables with reinforcement before the end, because the ADHD brain sees a task, understands it instantly, assumes it will take no time, and then starts panicking ten days out. That is effort discounting, and you as a leader can scaffold it.
You can also stop forcing the wrong format. Someone with poor auditory processing or who runs late should not be doing three hour-long meetings a week. Give them standups, check-ins, end-of-day summaries. Think about your team's executive styles the way the Montessori approach funnels a resistant kid's whole curriculum through the one subject they care about. People who push against the system lean in hard once the material runs through a channel that fits them.
I run my own company, Peak Brain, on this. Just under 20 people, many of whom started as my students, then interns, then employees. When you let people work to their strengths and stop making someone do the thing they are worst at, you get a multiplier on productivity and you sidestep the classic constraints.
What is the heart of this work?
The work I do is about agency. Classically, meditation reduces suffering for yourself and others; when you are less reactive, you cause and carry less suffering. The same logic applies to a seizure disorder, a craving, or a trauma response. It is not your fault that you have a trauma response, but it is your responsibility to learn to navigate it and reduce your suffering, even when the cause was never your fault.
When one person changes their own resources, it cascades into everyone they touch. A parent who worked on their own ADHD or stress understands how their kid's stress works, because they learned it firsthand. As an aside, boys usually have their mother's brain, more than 90 percent of the time, the same way you only carry your mother's mitochondria. The intelligence, empathy, speed of processing, and anxiety tend to come from mom.
Doctors are wonderful, but they have to be right; you go to them for discrete answers. You come to scientists for questions and to coaches for techniques and iterative support. I take a science-and-coaching stance toward the brain rather than a treatment stance, because it communicates agency immediately. It is the difference between handing someone a new identity to carry and helping them notice "wait, this is more detailed than I thought, there are strengths here, and I just had six ideas about what to do this week."
If you are overwhelmed, foggy, in pain, or struggling, the brain loves to change and will change in ways you can guide. Pain is real. The secondary suffering, the second dart, the coal you pick up to throw at someone and burn your own hand on, is something you can put down once you understand the mechanism. Learn how your brain works and you can stop adding to it.
You can find Peak Brain through our offices and remote programs in the US, Sweden, and the UK, and we support clients in other countries with rental or purchased equipment. The goal is agency. Shift happens. Take yours.