🎙️ Welcome to the NeuroNoodle Neurofeedback Podcast! Join Pete Jansons and a panel of neurofeedback experts—including Dr. Mari Swingle, Jay Gunkelman, Anthony Ramos, Joy Lunt, John Mekrut, Joshua Moore, Santiago Brand, and Dr. Andrew Hill—as they tackle your burning questions about brain health, neurotherapy, and cutting-edge treatments. Topics Discussed: 🌟 Autism: Neurofeedback approaches that work 🌟 ADHD: Solutions and strategies for focus and calm 🌟 SMR vs. Mu Rhythms: What's the difference? 🌟 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Does it enhance neurofeedback? 🌟 EEG Modalities: ILF, Amplitude Training, Loretta, and more Key Moments: 0:00 Pre-Show 1:43 Microplastics: Forever Plastics 2:33 Equipment Issues: Joy Lunt 4:46 Home Devices 5:45 Mind Media and Erwin Shout-Out 6:55 Wellness Device vs. Diagnostic 8:40 Why Don’t We Diagnose? 10:10 Is DSM a Valid Actuarial Table? 10:40 Show Start 11:14 Difference Between Neuroptimal and Other Devices 16:10 Santiago Brand’s Thoughts on Equipment and Modality 21:22 What Does Dr. Hill Do With His 80% Remote Clients? https://peakbraininstitute.com/ 22:28 Cognionics Systems for Home/Remote http://www.cognionics.com/index.php/products 24:35 Is There Such a Thing as a True Dry Sensor Cap? 25:57 Faraday Cages Show Clip https://youtu.be/rD3nBkQ0JW8 28:00 50 and 60 Hz Artifacts: USA vs. Europe – Dr. Hill 29:35 Math vs. Language Centers 30:50 John Mekrut’s Thoughts on Who Should Deliver Neurofeedback 32:50 Barry Sterman’s SMR and MU 34:03 Santiago Brand’s Term: Positive Dissociation 36:35 Athletes and Frontal Lobe Disconnection 42:10 Heavy Metals Detox and Neurofeedback? 51:30 Holistic Approach: Santiago Brand 54:30 Dr. Hill’s Baked Goods 55:05 Harm Reduction Through Snobbery 57:00 Issues With People on Keto Diets 58:30 Protocols, Equipment, and Technicians 1:06:10 Mindlift Experience? 1:07:18 Parental Stress: Surgeon General Warning https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2024/08/28/us-surgeon-general-issues-advisory-mental-health-well-being-parents.html 1:12:25 Are Games and Videos the Best Thing to Use for Feedback in Training Sessions? 1:14:40 Dr. Hill’s Theory on Why Videos Don’t Work in Neurofeedback for Implicit Learning 1:16:25 Zukor Air Games https://zukorinteractive.com/air/ 1:19:30 Working With Tiny Kids: Hacks in Training 1:20:10 Does Hyperbaric Oxygen Help With Neurofeedback? 1:24:40 Dr. Andrew Hill: Peak Brain Locations https://peakbraininstitute.com/about-pbi/ 1:25:01 John Mekrut: Balanced Brain Network https://thebalancedbrain.com/our-team/john-mekrut/ 💡 Support Us on Patreon: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/NeuroNoodle #NeuroNoodle #Neurofeedback #Autism #ADHD #Podcast #BrainHealth #SMRvsMu #HyperbaricTherapy #MentalHealth #PeteJansons #MariSwingle #JayGunkelman #AnthonyRamos #JoyLunt #JohnMekrut #JoshuaMoore #SantiagoBrand #AndrewHill
Episode Summary
I joined Pete Jansons and a panel of neurofeedback clinicians for a live Q&A on the NeuroNoodle podcast, fielding audience questions on equipment, modalities, diet, hyperbaric oxygen, and how to train brains that won't sit still. This conversation originally aired on NeuroNoodle; you can watch the original conversation. What follows is drawn from my own contributions, with credit to the other clinicians where their points shaped mine.
Why don't neurofeedback clinicians diagnose?
People ask why we look at brain data but won't hand them a diagnosis. The reason is mechanical. Diagnostic codes are an actuarial table built for insurance billing, and your EEG pattern is not on any of those lists. So we don't meet the criteria a formal diagnosis requires.
What we can do is read the QEEG and say something useful. If a region is producing the wrong rhythm in the wrong place, the function that region supports is probably running below where you'd want it. That is a pattern tied to present-day function, not a label. I'd rather teach you how your brain works than argue about which box you fit in.
What's the difference between equipment and a neurofeedback modality?
These two questions get collapsed into one all the time. Equipment is the amplifier and software brand. A modality is what you do with it: amplitude training, infra-low frequency, infra-slow, z-score, Loretta. NeuroOptimal is a piece of equipment running its own approach. Asking "is NeuroOptimal better than infra-low?" mixes the two categories.
The harder truth is that no clinician has solid comparative data telling you which modality is best for which condition. The claim that "infra-low is the only thing that works for PTSD" is marketing, not evidence. If research someday shows one approach beats another for a given pattern, I'll refer those clients out. That data does not exist yet.
What matters far more than the brand is the operator and the training path behind the operator. Joy Lunt put it well on the panel: a concert pianist can make a beaten-up church-basement piano sound beautiful. The instrument is not what produces the outcome.
What do I do with remote clients?
About 80% of my clients at Peak Brain Institute train from home. We have offices in several US cities, and if you live near one you can do your brain maps locally. Most people don't need to. We have coaches available virtually most days for live support, which handles the education piece that used to require an in-person visit.
For training we use eVox-era amplitude work, and I run a hybrid I built over years. I trained under Larry Sherman and learned the arousal-model regulatory approach Jay Gunkelman described, then trained in laterality in Eran Zaidel's lab at UCLA. That gives me a left-right hemisphere approach that surprises even my mentors. We send people prosumer amps like Pocket or NeuroBit and run brain maps remotely.
For QEEG acquisition I like the Cognionics systems, the small Bluetooth amps about the size of a deck of cards. They run roughly six grand, do built-in impedance checking, and come with free acquisition software. We walk clients through squirting gel through their cap on a video call, watch for jaw tension and drowsiness, and give them a three-day window so they can run contrast maps. A caffeine map, an Adderall map, a cannabis map, a sleep-deprived map. That turns data collection into a relationship with their own brain rather than something done to them in an office.
Is there a true dry-sensor EEG cap?
No, and I've spent tens of thousands of dollars learning to dislike them. The reason is technical. To judge an EEG you have to match its filtering and amplifier characteristics to what you're used to seeing. Dry caps use Faraday cages around each electrode, which changes the communication between electrodes. Below about 3 Hz those devices give you almost nothing. The low end just drops away, and shared information across electrodes degrades, so coherence reads erratically. No matter how database vendors tune the amplifier to hide it, the low-frequency floor is gone.
Why does 50 Hz line noise matter more than 60 Hz?
In the US we fight 60 Hz line artifact. In Europe and the UK it's 50 Hz, and that's worse for a specific reason. At 50 Hz you don't legally have to ground circuits to avoid killing people, so across much of Europe nothing is grounded. I have piles of European client data full of mains noise from the outside world. Older US buildings on two-wire systems without proper grounding produce the same problem. A cheap plug-in circuit tester will tell you what your wiring is doing.
SMR vs Mu: are they the same rhythm?
They get conflated constantly, including by people with big names, and they are different. Jay Gunkelman laid out the distinctions and I'll summarize them. Your alpha frequency matures upward to your adult frequency over development. SMR does not track that. SMR is essentially a sleep spindle, tuned by the time you're about a year old, classically 12 to 14 Hz, though Sterman reported it from 11 to 19 with a group average around 13.
Mu is associated with alpha and speeds up with age, usually half a cycle to a cycle faster than your posterior alpha. Mu shows up about 70% of the time in autism, roughly half the time in ADHD and affective disorders, and about 15% of the time in typical brains. It also appears in elite athletes at similar rates. Santiago Brand calls that athletic version "positive dissociation," a way to disengage from the outside world and drop into an internal zone. SMR training and Mu are not interchangeable targets.
Does Mu mean autism?
This is where I'd slow practitioners down. Mu represents a resting state for frontal engagement, specifically a disconnection between the frontal lobe and the motor strip involving mirror-neuron activity. When you engage with the world through language or math, your left mirror-neuron system activates. Disengage and it idles, the way closing your eyes makes alpha. That idle is a normal resting state.
The healthy signature is that Mu abolishes on motor imagery or movement. Imagine moving your hand or move it, and a regulated Mu rhythm extinguishes. If it doesn't abolish, or it's excessive, that's worth attention. Seeing Mu and jumping straight to "autism" skips the question of whether the person is symptomatic at all. A high-functioning athlete on the spectrum performing well is a different situation from a struggling child. I don't rush to intervene with something nobody is complaining about.
When success is the symptom: the fast-slow phenotype
I work with a lot of tech CEOs in the Northwest, and a pattern recurs. Someone with a fast-slow phenotype, a self-made billionaire, comes in saying they have anxiety and want help with family life. I can usually help the anxiety. I also tell them I'm not sure they keep their position afterward, because the dysregulation may be load-bearing for how they operate. They think about it, and they often choose to retire. That's informed choice. The contrast holds with someone grinding through trauma, ADHD, or drinking too much, where the intervention is what lets them function and succeed.
Should you do neurofeedback during heavy-metal chelation?
Chelation mobilizes metals stored in bone into the bloodstream, so the brain's exposure temporarily rises during a detox. Jay made the point and I agree: expect interesting sessions if you train during that window. Some of what you see in the session may be the body purging rather than the training itself. Train through it with that awareness, and adjust your interpretation of session data accordingly.
My broader rule is to assume your diet is worse than you think. Around 70% of the American diet is ultra-processed food. Whatever someone tells me about eating green vegetables, I'd rather they get tested. The brain only works as well as the nutrients it receives. Joy described an early-career autism caseload where her roughly 5% failure rate traced almost without exception to a metabolic problem, heavy metals included. If you don't support brain metabolism, the neurofeedback underperforms.
A flag worth knowing: a very low-voltage, slow EEG is a classic toxic or metabolic signature. If a child who should have hundreds of microvolts of power shows almost none, that needs a medical workup before any training. Jay described a child labeled with reactive attachment whose low-voltage-slow EEG turned out to be untreated hypothyroidism from radiation damage. No thyroid, no metabolic support, no chance of behaving. The EEG pointed straight at the medical issue.
Harm reduction through snobbery
I teach my clients a concept I call harm reduction through snobbery. Be a gourmet, not a gourmand. Make the preparation a ritual. I had sourdough waiting to be stretched and turned during the show. When you control the ingredients and the quality and savor the process, you stop reaching for reward in the same dysregulated way, and the bad-habit loop around highly rewarding food softens.
The opposite failure is over-restriction in the name of health. I work with a lot of biohackers who go carnivore, keto, or very low carb. Two problems show up in our work. First, people new to this run high counter-regulatory hormones; cortisol climbs as they drop carbs and fast, which wrecks sleep regulation and muddies what you read from the feedback. Second, and underappreciated even in the keto world, you waste minerals badly on very low carb. You can't hold magnesium, calcium, and potassium without some carbohydrate in the system. Massive electrolyte wasting hits nerve function and brain function directly. The lean athlete who never touches a carb is usually dehydrated with cratered electrolytes.
Which neurofeedback modality is best, and is there an EEG profile that predicts it?
The honest answer is no and no. Nothing is categorically better. A new provider getting good tools with impedance checking, solid education, and a path to keep learning matters far more than the tool set. As an individual client, asking whether you should use slow cortical potentials versus infra-low versus 19-channel Loretta is like asking whether kettlebells or barbells or resistance bands are best. Skill carries the result.
The core problem with turnkey, one-size systems running canned protocols is this: they work for up to about two-thirds of people without side effects, which tells you the software is doing something close to an average effect across a normal distribution. The question is what happens when it doesn't work. Neurofeedback is easy to do and hard to know what to do next. If the box does the next step for you, or your way of working depends on a magic box, that's where people get stuck. No device you can buy will do the design work for you.
Are video games good feedback for kids?
I noticed years ago that when I had to use movies because a kid wouldn't sit still, the effects weren't as strong. My theory rests on at least two papers showing that social engagement impairs implicit learning. Neurofeedback is implicit learning, the unaware pattern-matching the brain does below awareness. Load up social cueing and social information from characters on screen and you interfere with that process. It's the same reason I tell people they can do homework during training but not chat on social media.
Joy and Santiago run deliberately boring screens for the same reason: kids come in because they can't focus on the mundane, so they need to learn to sustain the mundane, not get entertained. I agree, with one practical exception. For about 100 people training from home with me, most settle back into the simple two-dimensional eVox games once the novelty wears off. But some kids will only train if there are dragons or race cars hitting zombies. For them I add Zukor's air games on top of eVox. They're expensive and I don't think they're necessary, and too much on screen may reduce the more natural engagement Mari described. They can still make the difference between a kid tolerating another month of training and quitting.
Tricks for training tiny kids
The panel traded these. Joy uses a child-sized breakfast tray that pins gently into a recliner's arms, giving restless kids a surface for Legos so their hands are busy and they stay in the chair without feeling restrained. That deep pressure and stillness may directly recruit SMR, the same mechanism behind swaddling and Temple Grandin's squeeze machine, so you'd be doubling SMR in the brain and the body. Joy also double-anchors electrodes by running the wire back through a second blob of paste, buying a few extra seconds before a kid rips it off.
Does hyperbaric oxygen therapy help neurofeedback?
I use a lot of hyperbaric oxygen mixed with EEG through partner centers in London and LA. On its own, hyperbaric is weak tea for the brain; it does something, but rarely much. Added to other interventions it can be close to magical, sometimes doubling the impact of EEG neurofeedback, the same way photobiomodulation or HEG can support the metabolic side.
A few specifics. Skip soft chambers regardless of what biohackers claim; hard chamber is where the brain benefit lives. Around 1.8 to 2 atmospheres on pure oxygen, 90-minute dives, a series of 5 to 20. At 2 atmospheres breathing pure O2, your plasma oxygen saturation reaches 500 to 600% of sea-level values. That's an enormous anti-inflammatory and signaling load on tissue not used to having oxygen. I've watched post-COVID brain fog show massive Delta, then one dive clears the Delta for hours.
Two warnings. Don't exceed your antioxidant capacity; if you feel depleted, take a glutathione or antioxidant top-off and don't push through. And always dive last in a single day. Anything you do after a dive hits super-oxygenated tissue, and if the energy wears off, training the brain at that point produces a strange, sometimes unpleasant experience. Dive at the end.
For autism specifically, I'd reach for HEG mixed with EEG before hyperbaric. HEG does focal biofeedback on vascular dynamics and tends to produce a real boost in social function, and the blood-flow sensor can move during a session. I'd consider photobiomodulation before HBOT too, unless there's a cerebral-palsy-type history: birth trauma, poisoning, drowning, a metabolic or injury component under the autistic presentation. In those cases hyperbaric may earn its place.
The bottom line
Equipment brands and modality labels get most of the attention, and they deserve the least. What changes outcomes is an operator who understands the brain, a metabolic foundation that actually supports it, and a training approach matched to the person rather than to a marketing claim. Get tested, work within your tolerance, and treat your own data as something to learn from. If you want a starting point for understanding what a brain map shows, read the QEEG brain mapping guide and the overview on whether neurofeedback is legitimate.